Mechanical Properties of Human Concentrated Growth Factor (CGF) Membrane and the CGF Graft with Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) onto Periosteum of the Skull of Nude Mice.

Md Arafat Kabir,Bowen Zhu,Kenji Yokozeki,Toshiyuki Akazawa,Masaru Murata,Bingzhen Huang,Akihiro Hirakawa,Masahiro Todoh,Mamata Shakya

doi:10.3390/ijms222111331

Abstract

Concentrated growth factor (CGF) is 100% blood-derived, cross-linked fibrin glue with platelets and growth factors. Human CGF clot is transformed into membrane by a compression device, which has been widely used clinically. However, the mechanical properties of the CGF membranes have not been well characterized. The aims of this study were to measure the tensile strength of human CGF membrane and observe its behavior as a scaffold of BMP-2 in ectopic site over the skull. The tensile test of the full length was performed at the speed of 2mm/min. The CGF membrane (5 × 5 × 2 mm3) or the CGF/BMP-2 (1.0 μg) membrane was grafted onto the skull periosteum of nude mice (5-week-old, male), and harvested at 14 days after the graft. The appearance and size of the CGF membranes were almost same for 7 days by soaking at 4 °C in saline. The average values of the tensile strength at 0 day and 7 days were 0.24 MPa and 0.26 MPa, respectively. No significant differences of both the tensile strength and the elastic modulus were found among 0, 1, 3, and 7 days. Supra-periosteal bone induction was found at 14 days in the CGF/BMP-2, while the CGF alone did not induce bone. These results demonstrated that human CGF membrane could become a short-term, sticky fibrin scaffold for BMP-2, and might be preserved as auto-membranes for wound protection after the surgery.

Highlights

Regenerative medicine is based on applied biomaterials science
Autologous platelet concentrates are generally divided into the following classifications: platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), and concentrated growth factor (CGF)
As a new graft site for bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) bioThe ectopic studies of BMP-2 have been researched in rat subcutaneous tissues or assay, we have focused on a unique subcutaneous space between the periosteum and the rabbit muscles for more than 30 years since 1988 [11]

Summary

Introduction

The normal wound healing process starts with blood coagulation consisting of the platelet aggregation and the formation of fibrin nets [1]. In 21st century, new platelet concentrates, so called platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and concentrated growth factor (CGF), have been developed, and widely applied in clinical fields. Blood-derived materials from a patient can be used safety and immediately as autologous graft materials including growth factors. Autologous platelet concentrates are generally divided into the following classifications: platelet-rich plasma (PRP), PRF, and CGF. PRP in the first generation is a liquid material including concentrated platelets in a small volume of plasma. As a disadvantage of PRP, a bovine blood-derived activator is needed for coagulation [2,3]. In 2006, PRF was developed in France by solely centrifugation without the addition of coagulation factors [4]

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Conclusion