Abstract
Autologous blood-derived fibrin glue with platelets, called the concentrated growth factor (CGF), can be prepared immediately by only the decided centrifuge without the addition of coagulation factors. Collagen materials combined with recombinant human BMP-2 have been commercially available for clinical use. The fresh CGF is auto-clot with wettability and elasticity, while most collagen membranes are derived from the cow or pig. The fresh CGF has wettability and elasticity, while collagen membranes are dry materials without elasticity. The aim of this study was to observe the microstructures of human CGF membrane and evaluate its behavior as a delivery scaffold of rhBMP-2 in the subcutaneous tissues of nude mice. Twenty-four nude mice (5-week-old, male) were used for the assessment of in vivo ectopic bone formation. Mice were received the CGF membrane as the controls and the CGF/rhBMP-2 membrane as the experimental group in the subcutaneous tissues, and harvested at 7, 10, and 14 days after the graft. Harvested samples were evaluated for the histological examination and the histomorphometric measurement was conducted to compare the residue of the CGF, as well as the new bone. Mature fibrin fibers assembled from multiple fibrillary elements and platelets with the rhBMP-2 membrane induced several bony islands and cartilage without residues of CGF at 14 days, while the CGF membrane alone was almost absorbed at 10 days and failed to induce bone formation at 14 days. These results demonstrated that the fresh, human CGF membrane could contribute to a short-term, sticky fibrin matrix for the delivery of rhBMP-2.
Highlights
Graft materials from a patient’s own body components have been developed for tissue regeneration
Since it was reported that bFGF, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)-2, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were detected in rabbit-derived concentrated growth factor (CGF) and leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) that could promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rabbit periodontal ligament fibroblasts in vitro [28], bone induction by the CGF alone graft was expected in the in vivo ectopic site
Our study presents an advanced report related to the combination of Recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) and human fibrin product (CGF) for ectopic bone induction in the subcutaneous tissue of nude mice
Summary
Graft materials from a patient’s own body components have been developed for tissue regeneration. Blood-derived materials and tooth-derived tissues are topics in the bone regeneration field, since they can be used immediately as autologous graft materials [1,2,3,4]. Autologous platelet concentrates are generally divided into the following three classifications: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), and concentrated growth factor (CGF). During the preparation of PRP, a bovine blood-derived activator is needed for coagulation [6,7]. The PRF is prepared solely by centrifugation without the addition of coagulation factors [8,9]. PRF has a solid fibrin consistency, providing a matrix that contains a higher concentration of platelets, leucocytes, and growth factors compared to PRP [2,10,11]. CGF was selected as a blood material from the three platelet concentrates
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