Abstract
Cellulose nanofibre (CNF), a material composed of ultrafine fibres of wood cellulose fibrillated to nano-order level, is expected to be widely used because of its excellent properties. However, in the field of geotechnical engineering, almost no progress has been made in the development of techniques for using CNFs. The authors have focused on the use of CNF as an additive in cement treatment for soft ground, where cement is added to solidify the ground, because CNF can reduce the problems associated with cement-treated soil. This paper presents the results of a study on the method of mixing CNF, the strength and its variation obtained by adding CNF, and the change in permeability. CNF had the effect of mixing the cement evenly and reducing the variation in the strength of the treated soil. The CNF mixture increased the strength at the initial age but reduced the strength development in the long term. The addition of CNF also increased the flexural strength, although it hardly changed the permeability.
Highlights
In recent years, it has become possible to produce cellulose nanofibre (CNF), which is a material composed of ultrafine fibres of wood cellulose fibrillated to nano-order level [1,2,3]
This paper presents the results of a study on the method of mixing CNF, the strength and its variation obtained by adding CNF, and the change in permeability
CNF did not appear in the specimen with TEMPO-CNF, because TEMPO-CNF has a high degree of fibrillation and cannot be observed at a magnification of 500 times
Summary
It has become possible to produce cellulose nanofibre (CNF), which is a material composed of ultrafine fibres of wood cellulose fibrillated to nano-order level [1,2,3]. CNF is expected to be widely used because its strength is five times and its mass is one-fifth that of steel, and its thermal expansion is one-fiftieth that of glass. The characteristics of CNFs, such as high specific surface area, edibility, light weight, high strength, low thermal expansion, biodegradability, and biocompatibility, have been utilised to develop various applications. The characteristics of light-weight and high-strength fibres are used to produce moulded products that are as strong as steel but one-fifth their mass by injecting phenolic resin into nanofibre sheets and laminating and curing them. In the field of concrete, the addition of CNFs to improve the strength of concrete has been studied [4,5,6]. The use of CNF as a stabiliser to prevent the separation of concrete compositions and bleeding before solidification, and as an additive to increase the flowability required in the pressure injection method using thixotropic properties, are being investigated and have been partly implemented
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