Abstract
This research presents the influence of two different cellulose (hydrophobic pretreated/non-pretreated) and one flax-fiber unidirectional nonwoven low areal weight fiber reinforcements on the mechanical properties of urea-formaldehyde bonded five layered beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) plywood as an alternative to commonly used synthetic fiber reinforcements. The results display divergent trends regarding the improvement of the mechanical properties—modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, tensile strength, shear strength, and screw withdrawal resistance. The non-treated cellulose and flax reinforcing nonwoven fabrics revealed similar mechanical behaviors. The hydrophobic pretreatment of cellulose nonwovens improved the performance of plywood regarding tensile strength (10–11%), shear strength (7–16%), screw withdrawal resistance (11–15%), and modulus of rupture (0–2%), but lowered modulus of elasticity (2–3%) compared to the reference.
Highlights
Plywood, one of the oldest continually used wood-based materials in the history of mankind [1,2], is considered in late maturity or decline stage of its product life cycle [3] with an expected global annual growth rate of 2.23% to 7.8% for the coming years [4,5]
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of unidirectional fabrics of: (a) non-treated cellulose (A), (b) hydrophobic pretreated cellulose fabric (B), and (c) flax fiber (C), with two different adhesive amounts of urea-formaldehyde on the mechanical properties of five-layered beech plywood (~10 mm)
The behavior of cellulose fabric A is comparable to the flax fiber fabric
Summary
One of the oldest continually used wood-based materials in the history of mankind [1,2], is considered in late maturity or decline stage of its product life cycle [3] with an expected global annual growth rate of 2.23% to 7.8% for the coming years [4,5]. Despite the negative forecast of the last decades, plywood is by far the most produced wood-based panel with an annual global production of 160 to 180 million m3 (2018) [6]. Beside economic aspects, it increasingly attracts research interest [7]. Wood itself can be defined as a natural, polymeric, cellular fiber composite [2]
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