Mechanical properties of bridge-steel weldments at elevated temperatures

Abstract

The fire-resistance design of welded steel bridges depends on the temperature-dependent mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. This study investigates experimentally the temperature-induced degradation of the mechanical properties of a bridge-steel weldment. A butt-welded joint, containing the base metal (BM) Q345qD steel and weld metal (WM), was welded via submerged arc welding. Monotonic tension tests of BM and WM cylindrical specimens were carried out under various temperatures in the range of 20–700 °C, and their stress-strain relationships, failure modes, yield strength, elastic modulus, and ultimate strength at elevated temperatures were obtained and analyzed. The reduction factors of yield strength, elastic modulus and ultimate strength are compared with those recommended in current design codes. It is shown that elevated temperatures can decrease significantly the material performance of the Q345qD weldment, and the degradation of the mechanical properties of the BM and WM differs with increasing temperature. The test data indicate that the reductions in yield strength, elastic modulus, and ultimate strength at 700 °C from those at 20 °C are 78%, 55%, and 84%, respectively, for the BM and 75%, 53%, and 79%, respectively, for WM. The predictive equations for characterizing the material properties and stress-strain relationships of the BM and WM at elevated temperatures are proposed, thereby providing essential data for evaluating the fire response of steel bridges.