Abstract
Abstract Spider silk is a kind of natural biomaterial with superior performance. Its mechanical properties and biocompatibility are incomparable with those of other natural and artificial materials. This article first summarizes the structure and the characteristics of natural spider silk. It shows the great research value of spider silk and spider silk bionic materials. Then, the development status of spider silk bionic materials is reviewed from the perspectives of material mechanical properties and application. The part of the material characteristics mainly describes the biocomposites based on spider silk proteins and spider silk fibers, nanomaterials and man-made fiber materials based on spider silk and spider-web structures. The principles and characteristics of new materials and their potential applications in the future are described. In addition, from the perspective of practical applications, the latest application of spider silk biomimetic materials in the fields of medicine, textiles, and sensors is reviewed, and the inspiration, feasibility, and performance of finished products are briefly introduced and analyzed. Finally, the research directions and future development trends of spider silk biomimetic materials are prospected.
Highlights
For more than half a century, the rise of synthetic polymer materials has brought manyNatural spider silk is a natural protein biomaterial secreted by spiders through their silk glands
The results show that cytocompatible spheres made of iron oxide/spider silk composites have high magnetic properties and the ability to enhance chemotherapeutic drug loading
The research work on spider silk has gone through different stages from appearance, characteristics to structure and molecular composition
Summary
For more than half a century, the rise of synthetic polymer materials has brought many. Spider silk has been one of the hot research topics in recent years and has shown great application and commercial value in various fields [8,9,10]. It is no exaggeration to say that spider silk is one of the best structural materials produced in nature. An effective method is to use the bionic technology to apply the spider silk structure and principle to other man-made materials. With the development of high-tech such as genetic modification, polymers, and nanotechnology, researchers have conducted an in-depth exploration of the composition, structure, and characteristics of spider silk. This article summarizes the research status and application of typical bionic structural materials of spider silk in different fields from the perspective of research value and application methods, and further looks forward to its development prospects
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