Mechanical properties across hypomineralized/hypoplastic enamel of first permanent molar teeth

Abstract

The aims of the present study were to investigate the mechanical properties of first permanent molars affected with enamel hypomineralization or hypoplasia, and to describe the appearance of these lesions under scanning electron microscopy. Eight first permanent molar test teeth and two unaffected premolars (controls) were enclosed in resin, then sectioned axially and polished. The hardness and modulus of elasticity was determined from a single array of indentations made parallel to the amelo-dentinal junction using an Ultra-Micro-Indentation system. The teeth were then examined using the scanning electron microscope. The mechanical properties of the test teeth in the unaffected cervical region (hardness and modulus range, 2.03-4.99 GPa and 50.39-96.87 GPa, respectively) were similar to those of the control enamel (hardness and modulus range, 2.71-4.15 GPa and 62.06-95.77 GPa, respectively). Between the unaffected cervical enamel and the hypomineralized region there was a transitional area of 500-600 microm where the mechanical properties in the experimental teeth decreased linearly. The mechanical properties of the hypomineralized region of each experimental tooth were significantly lower than those of the control or cervical regions (hardness and modulus range, 0.07-1.74 GPa and 3.26-40.96 GPa, respectively). The scanning electron microscopy views revealed disorganized enamel with poorly demarcated prism boundaries in the affected regions. In conclusion, the hardness and modulus of elasticity of hypomineralized enamel in first permanent molars is significantly less than in unaffected areas of the same tooth. The reason for this is unclear but may be related to the lack of organization of the enamel crystals.