Abstract
This manuscript presents an experimental and numerical analysis of the mechanical structural behavior of Nylstrong GF-PA6, a plastic material manufactured using FDM (fused deposition modeling) technology for a compression uniaxial stress field. Firstly, an experimental test using several test specimens fabricated in the Z and X-axis allows characterizing the elastic behavior of the reinforced GF-PA6 according to the ISO 604 standard for uniaxial compression stress environments in both Z and X manufacturing orientations. In a second stage, an experimental test analyzes the structural behavior of an industrial part manufactured under the same conditions as the test specimens. The experimental results for the test specimens manufactured in the Z and X-axis present differences in the stress-strain curve. Z-axis printed elements present a purely linear elastic behavior and lower structural integrity, while X-axis printed elements present a nonlinear elastic behavior typical of plastic and foam materials. In order to validate the experimental results, numerical analysis for an industrial part is carried out, defining the material GF-PA6 as elastic and isotropic with constant Young’s compression modulus according to ISO standard 604. Simulations and experimental tests show good accuracy, obtaining errors of 0.91% on the Z axis and 0.56% on the X-axis between virtual and physical models.
Highlights
Additive manufacturing (AM), recognized as 3D printing, is a technological system used in the fabrication of 3D components from CAD designs
An experimental test using several test specimens fabricated with fused deposition modeling (FDM) according to the manufacturing directions of the Z and X axes characterized the elastic area of GF–polyamide 6 (PA6) in both orientations according to the specifications and conditions detailed in the standard ISO 604 for compression stress loads under uniaxial boundary conditions
The non-linear elastic behavior of the parts manufactured in X-axis has been characterized by two elastic parameters: a first tangent elastic module for characterizing the stress state of GF–PA6 in the initial area of the stress-strain curve and a second secant elastic module for characterizing tensile states of the printed material close to the value of compressive yield stress σy
Summary
Additive manufacturing (AM), recognized as 3D printing, is a technological system used in the fabrication of 3D components from CAD designs. The additive manufacturing technology diverges basically from subtractive manufacturing technologies such as CNC in that the element to be fabricated is achieved from the progressive addition of material in layers, which moderates manufacturing refuse [1,2]. This layer-by-layer process allows for great freedom in manufacturing free form geometries in plastic that cannot be produced through standard manufacturing technologies, such as for example injection molding [3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. The production process with FDM technology is especially encouraging in the fabrication of end parts or low-volume products This tendency emphasizes the demand for a full knowledge of the mechanical specifications of parts obtained by layer deposition procedures. Should the plastic material be resistant, and the mechanical specifications of the layered elements must meet the operational product specifications
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