Abstract
The environmental and economic concerns have raised the popularity of biodiesel as a potential replacement for conventional fuel. However, the incompatibility of engineering rubber components with biodiesel affects significantly the performance of the components. Majority of the compatibility studies focus on evaluating the degradation of mechanical properties of the rubbers due to contamination of different types of biodiesel. Nevertheless, the resulting mechanical responses of swollen rubbers, in particularly under cyclic and fatigue loading conditions, are rarely investigated. In engineering applications where elastomeric components are concurrently subjected to fluctuating mechanical loading and contamination of hostile liquids such as biodiesel, it is crucial to investigate the mechanical responses of these components for durability analysis. In this view, the present study aims to investigate the effect of swelling, due to biodiesel diffusion in the elastomers, on the macroscopic mechanical responses under cyclic loading conditions. Simple stress-free immersion tests are conducted on elastomers and the resulting mechanical responses are evaluated. The focus of the present work is on the effect of biodiesel diffusion on the inelastic responses classically observed in elastomers under cyclic loading conditions, i.e. stress-softening, hysteresis and stress relaxation. The results show that the above inelastic responses decrease significantly when the swelling level increases.
Highlights
The recent oil crisis and dramatic increase in conventional fuel price have motivated the world to search for alternative fuels
A simple experimental setup was developed to probe the mechanical responses of swollen rubbers under cyclic compressive loading conditions
Different levels of swelling resulting from different immersion durations of elastomeric specimens were considered
Summary
The recent oil crisis and dramatic increase in conventional fuel price have motivated the world to search for alternative fuels. The compatibility studies of several types of elastomers in diesel and palm biodiesel have been conducted [1,2,3]. It is to note that the works focusing on the effect of palm biodiesel diffusion on the macroscopic mechanical responses of the rubber components, in under cyclic and fatigue loading conditions are less common [9]. The stress-softening corresponds to the decrease of stress level in the uploading during the first couples of loading cycles This phenomenon, firstly observed by Bouasse and Carriére [10] intensively studied by Mullins [11], is often referred to as the Mullins effect. The effect of swelling, due to diffusion of palm biodiesel into rubber, on the macroscopic mechanical responses under cyclic loading condition is investigated.
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