Abstract
Chitosan (CS) and its derivatives show antibacterial and antifungal properties and could help treat and prevent denture stomatitis (DS). Mechanical and surface properties of resilient denture liners were evaluated when modified with CS salts. CS-hydrochloride (CS-HCl) and CS-glutamate (CS-G) were added to resilient denture liners Ufi Gel P and Coe-Soft at four different concentrations (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 1% w/w) from which specimens were produced, as well as a control group of each material with no added CS salt. Ten specimens per group (Ø 35 mm, height 6 mm) were manufactured. They were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for a total of 30 days (d). Shore A hardness (SHA) and surface roughness (Ra) were evaluated after 24 h (T1), 7 d (T2), 14 d (T3) and 30 d (T4). Kruskal–Wallis and U-test (Bonferroni-Holm adjusted) were used for statistical analysis (p ≤ 0.05). Ra increased significantly once CS salts were added. SHA increased significantly for some groups, but all specimens fulfilled requirements set by ISO 10139-2:2016. Modification with CS salts does not influence the mechanical properties of the modified resilient denture liners in a clinically relevant manner. Despite the increased roughness, the concept is suitable for further studies. Especially antimicrobial/antibiofilm studies are needed.
Highlights
Denture stomatitis (DS) is a disorder specified by inflammation of oral tissues covered by dentures and can affect over 70% of denture wearers [1]
For both resilient denture liners (UG and COE), Shore A hardness (SHA) values increased over the 30-day trial compared to 24 h (Table 1)
For Ufi Gel P (UG), SHA values were highest at 14 d whilst for COE they were mostly highest at 30 d
Summary
Denture stomatitis (DS) is a disorder specified by inflammation of oral tissues covered by dentures and can affect over 70% of denture wearers [1]. C. albicans is a yeast [3] and a commensal in the oral cavity, which can adhere to host cells, other C. albicans cells, other microorganisms [4] and to abiotic surfaces like dentures and form biofilms there [4], which can lead either to topical [5] or systemic infections [4]. Candida biofilms can survive high concentrations of commonly used antifungals such as azoles [7]. DS can be treated, e.g., by local or systemic antifungal therapy, denture disinfection and cleansing or laser treatment of affected tissue [8]. Side effects like drug-resistant fungi and the toxicity of existing drugs [9] are associated with the treatment of C. albicans. The establishment of Materials 2019, 12, 3518; doi:10.3390/ma12213518 www.mdpi.com/journal/materials
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