Abstract
Zinc sludge (ZS) is an environmentally detrimental heavy metal material. This study employs high-calcium fly ash geopolymer (FAG) to enhance the mechanical and environmental properties of ZS-contaminated soft Bangkok clay (SC). Rising ZS content reduces unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and permeability, attributed to the heavy metal's retarding impact on ZS, which leads to poor particle bonding. In the SEM-EDS analysis, the large voids in the ZS-SCFAG samples were clearly observed, confirming the retarding effect. The ZS-SCFAG sample containing 30% ZS exhibited sufficient UCS, permeability, and leaching values, meeting the requirements of U.S. EPA and HK EPD for landfill disposal.
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