Abstract
The results of research are presented for new stud lines of Kalmyk cattle: Pirat 6626, Pokhvalny 8643, and Ozhog 6136. To assess meat productivity, carcass morphological composition, physical and chemical properties, amino acid and fatty acid compositions of muscle tissue, control slaughter of young bulls (15 months old) of different breed lines was carried out. The slaughter showed a higher weight of fresh carcass in bulls of Pirat 6626 line, which was 215.9 kg. Weight of Pokhvalny 8643 and Ozhog 6136 lines was lower, 212.5 kg in average. Bulls of new lines insignificantly differed by the dressed weight and slaughter yield amounted to 221.4 to 223.9 kg (56.0% to 56.4%), respectively. At slaughter, carcasses of all experimental animals were characterized by a good yield of deboned meat (82.3 to 82.6%) with a relatively small bone content (17.4 to 17.7%). Compared to bulls of Pokhvalny 8643 and Ozhog 6136 lines, Pirat 6626 line had water binding capacity higher by 1.96 and 1.09%, and juice loss during cooking was lower by 0.76 and 0.90%. Chemical composition analysis of deboned meat showed a higher protein content in meat from Pokhvalny 8643 bulls (23.41%) than from Pirat 6626 (20.95%) and Ozhog 6136 (21.75%) lines. Fat content in the meat of Pirat 6626 and Ozhog 6136 bulls was higher than in Pokhvalny 8643 bulls and amounted to 2.84 and 2.99%. In proteins of animals from all three lines, the content of essential amino acids exceeds the levels recommended by FAO/WHO for humans; there are no limiting amino acids. The maximum lysine amino acid score was observed in proteins of Pirat 6626 animals, which was higher by 3.6% than in Pokhvalny 8643 line and by 7.9% than in Ozhog 6136 line; leucine and isoleucine were higher in proteins of Pirat 6626 and Ozhog 6136 lines. Valine amino acid score was higher in muscle proteins of Pirat 6626 bulls (120.0%), than in the proteins of Pokhvalny 8643 (110.0%) and Ozhog 6136 (114.0%) lines. In Pokhvalny 8643 bulls, methionine amino acid score had the smallest difference with the reference protein. The minimal difference in phenylalanine amino acid score with the reference protein was also observed in Pokhvalny 8643 bulls and amounted to 5.0%. According to the results of protein biological value calculation, Pokhvalny 8643 line has more balanced ratio of essential amino acids of 89.7%, while Pirat 6626 and Ozhog 6136 lines show ratios of 81.6% and 81.7%, respectively. Differences in fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat from bulls of all three lines are insignificant, but Pokhvalny 8643 line shows some superiority in the content of polyunsaturated acids by 0.48 to 0.33%. Sensory assessment of boiled beef and meat broth quality from new lines of Kalmyk young cattle was «good» and «very good».
Highlights
Meat and meat products are an integral part of daily diet in humans, so the primary goal of the meat-processing industry is to meet consumer’s requests for the quantity and quality of meat products.To increase the production of beef, the most important activity is the development of specialized beef cattle breeding
The maximum lysine amino acid score was observed in proteins of Pirat 6626 animals, which was higher by 3.6% than in Pokhvalny 8643 line and by 7.9% than in Ozhog 6136 line; leucine and isoleucine were higher in proteins of Pirat 6626 and Ozhog 6136 lines
Among the specialized beef cattle in Russia, Kalmyk breed is of great importance, because its improvement is carried out by various methods including the creation of new stud lines [1,2,3]
Summary
Meat and meat products are an integral part of daily diet in humans, so the primary goal of the meat-processing industry is to meet consumer’s requests for the quantity and quality of meat products.To increase the production of beef, the most important activity is the development of specialized beef cattle breeding. The Kalmyk breed of beef cattle developed by the long-term improvement of livestock brought by nomadic Kalmyk tribes from the western part of Mongolia about 350 years ago is unpretentious to fodder and maintenance conditions, stably keeps fatness during summer droughts and long winter periods. These animals are of sound constitution and harmonious appearance; meat has high taste qualities. Kalmyk breed is used to improve meat quality of dairy and beef-dairy breeds, as well as for industrial crossbreeding These animals are bred in the Republic of Kalmykia, Rostov, Astrakhan, Stavropol and other regions of the Russian Federation [4,5]
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