Measuring the Levels of AMH, FSH, LH, TSH, Progesterone, Estrogen, Vitamin D, Calcium, and Magnesium in Women with Premature Ovarian Insufficiency

Abstract

This research was designed to study some hormonal and physiological aspects of women with Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI). Blood samples were collected from the Infertility and Gynecology Unit at Al-Batoul Teaching Hospital in Baqubah and private women's clinics, including ages between 20 and 40. The study took place from 12/1/2022 until 5/1/2023, and informed consent was obtained from all patients. The study included 45 women with premature ovarian insufficiency. It was compared to a control group that consisted of 45 healthy women after confirming their fertility, at ages ranging from 20 to 40 years. The study investigated the effects of specific physiological and biochemical parameters on the disease. This was done by examining hormone levels and various biochemical levels in women with premature ovarian insufficiency. Some of the hormones examined were anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), progesterone, and thyroid hormone. The levels of vitamin D, calcium, and magnesium were also measured. The results of the current investigation showed that the age groups had a significant difference (P\(<\)0.05) with the study groups. (patients and healthy people). The age groups 31-35 and \(>\)35 years recorded the highest percentages (33.3% and 31.1%) in female patients compared to the groups \(<\)20-25 and 26-30 years, which recorded the lowest percentages (15.6% and 20.0%), respectively. The outcomes of the current investigation regarding the concentration of reproductive hormones showed a significant difference. (P\(<\)0.05) between the AMH, FSH, and LH hormone levels in the two study groups (patients and healthy individuals). The levels of FSH and LH were higher in patients (6.780 \(\pm\) 15.54 and 5.44 \(\pm\) 12.40) compared to healthy individuals (4.75\(\pm\) 6.51 and 4.04 \(\pm\) 0.94), respectively. On the other hand, AMH levels were lower in patients (0.18 \(\pm\) 0.42) compared to healthy individuals (0.92 \(\pm\) 3.15). In terms of TSH, E2, and Progesterone hormone levels, there were no significant differences (P\(>\)0.05) between the two study groups. About the physiological investigation that included measuring the concentration of magnesium, calcium, and vitamin D, the current study demonstrated a significant difference (P\(<\)0.05) in the concentration of magnesium between the two groups. (patients and healthy people). The level of magnesium was low in patients (0.29 \(\pm\) 0.75) compared to healthy people (0.30 \(\pm\) 2.07). There was also a statistically significant difference (P\(<\)0.05) in the level of calcium concentration between the two study groups (patients and healthy people). The calcium level was high in patients (0.45 \(\pm\) 8.33) compared to healthy people (0.58 \(\pm\) 8.02). Also, significant differences (P<0.05) in the levels of vitamin D were observed between the two groups of study (patients and healthy individuals). The levels of vitamin D were low in the patients (8.62 \(\pm\) 18.88) compared to the healthy people (11.53 \(\pm\) 44.15).