Influence of Factors on Career Intentions: A Cross-Sectional Study of Female Medical Students Pursuing Anesthesia Careers in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Background: The decision to pursue a medical career is influenced by a multitude of factors, including gender, family background, and socioeconomic status. Despite the multifaceted role of anaesthesia in critical care and disaster response, physician anesthesiologists remain underrepresented in Saudi Arabia and other developing countries, posing challenges to healthcare systems. This study explores the factors influencing career intentions among female medical students in Saudi Arabia regarding pursuing a career in anaesthesia. Aim: This study aims to identify factors influencing the career choice of anesthesia among female undergraduates, exploring associations with other sociodemographic variables. Methodology: A cross sectional study was done by using comprehensive questionnaire-based approach employed to gather data on demographic profiles, experiences during anaesthesia rotations, postgraduate training preferences, and perceptions of the field. Logistic regression analysis was applied to investigate associations between demographic variables and attitudes towards anaesthesia as a career choice. Results: Varied age distribution (9.9%-54.5%), predominantly Saudi nationals (90.4%), and diverse parental occupations, mainly in healthcare, including medicine (6.8%-47.7%), were observed in the study. Regression analysis identifies non-Saudi nationality as associated with a positive attitude (Odds Ratio = 4.9247, p = 0.050), while increasing undergraduate years correlate with decreased positive attitudes. Factors linked to negative attitudes include older age (>27) (Coefficient = 1.2668, p = 0.248), and non-Saudi nationality with higher log odds (Odds Ratio = 5.0054, p = 0.130). Key influencers include financial considerations, perceptions of respect and patient care, mentorship, and misconceptions. Attitudes towards anaesthesia evolved with advancing education years. Conclusion: This study sheds light on the nuanced factors shaping career intentions within the anaesthesia field among female medical students in Saudi Arabia. By understanding these influences, healthcare institutions and policymakers can develop tailored strategies to attract and retain talent, addressing the underrepresentation of physician anesthesiologists and promoting anaesthesia as a rewarding career path. Our study emphasizes the pivotal role of cultural context, clinical experiences, and tailored support mechanisms in shaping the career intentions of Saudi Arabian female medical students towards anaesthesia.