Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the energy development in terms of renewable energy in the Eastern Bloc European Union member states. Energy is a topic of planetary implications and the analysis of the development of renewable energy sources (RES) in parts of the world where the fossil fuels are scarce is of tremendous importance. In the first section, the paper concisely explores the energy landscape of the European Union (EU), revealing important concerns. The second section introduces an index of renewable energy development (IRED) which captures the complexity of the development of RES and is based on two components, each containing three factors built on efforts and outcomes in RES development. IRED is further applied on a cross-country analysis based on the Eastern Bloc of the EU member states for 2005–2015 interval, revealing the best and worst performers. The application of IRED might contribute to a better understanding of the needed efforts required by different countries in their quest towards energy security, efficient energy use and emissions control. The findings of this paper might conduct to the identification of the best practices which could be spread throughout EU and might contribute to a more rigorous development of policymaking in the energy area.
Highlights
Sufficient, stable, safe and affordable energy constitutes the main driver of wellbeing worldwide.Energy makes the world go round and it was at the centre of the industrial revolutions of the past.Fossil fuels have fed the world since and today the fossil fuels still remain the first choice in consumption, all over the world
The best way to implement a more sustainable energy path is through energy and environmental policymaking, but this is often based on immediate interests and lacks scientific rigor. To address this issue and to help identifying the best known practices to develop renewable energy sources (RES) in European Union (EU), the present paper introduces a new composite index of renewable energy development (IRED) which is based on a straightforward yet accurate methodology, where two components, each based on three factors, are considered
The IRED was indented as a measure of progress in RES, it does not contain the topic of heating and cooling because this is not sufficiently developed, as the contribution of RES in this sector continues to be very small, fossil fuels being responsible for 75% of all heating and cooling for EU [30]
Summary
Sufficient, stable, safe and affordable energy constitutes the main driver of wellbeing worldwide.Energy makes the world go round and it was at the centre of the industrial revolutions of the past.Fossil fuels have fed the world since and today the fossil fuels still remain the first choice in consumption, all over the world. Sufficient, stable, safe and affordable energy constitutes the main driver of wellbeing worldwide. Energy makes the world go round and it was at the centre of the industrial revolutions of the past. Fossil fuels have fed the world since and today the fossil fuels still remain the first choice in consumption, all over the world. The global proven reserves of oil showed an increase of 22% over the. 2005–2015 interval, from 1388 thousand million barrels to 1691 thousand million barrels [1]. The same is true for natural gas, which recorded a worldwide increase of 18%, from 157 trillion cubic meters in. 2005, to 185 trillion cubic meters in 2015 [1]. The world still relies on fossil fuels, the energy consumption based on fossil fuels being of about
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