Abstract
The core of this study is to implement a statistical tool for measuring employability and identify its main functional factors using a theoretical model based on literary experience. The E-index explores the main elements of the Hungarian spatial structure and evaluates the territorial differentiation factors. The quantification of employability, beyond the complex indicator, is based on three more subdivisions: the quality of the economic and social environment and their relationship, the balance of supply and demand. The settlement types were identified by cluster analysis, the spatial “hot spots” and “cold spots” were localized using Getis–Ord’s G* statistics. The analysis revealed that the spatial structure of employability, though similar in some respects to the pattern outlined by the unemployment rate, shows significant differences from several points. The difference can be clearly seen in both macro and microstructures. In a microstructural view, if the labor market situation is more favorable than employability, it is often resulted by the spatial proximity of a city with prominent economic indicators. Typically, the more accessible a job center, the more it is able to generate higher employment than what could be deduced from the level of employability. At the same time, high employability and potentially exploitable workforce is conceivable even in unfavorable labor market areas.
Highlights
Due to the financial crisis of 2008, the ratio of the unemployed individuals to the economically active population peaked in 2010, which was followed by a deceleration.L
The present study aims at developing such an indicator which enables assessing the regional differences in employability, discovering its spatial structure and exploring its main relations
The present study aimed at developing such an indicator (E-index), which enables the indexing of the employability relations of the Hungarian population and facilitates the identification of the various regional differences and the responsible key factors that contribute to these discrepancies
Summary
Due to the financial crisis of 2008, the ratio of the unemployed individuals to the economically active population peaked in 2010, which was followed by a deceleration.L. The expanding economy, along with new vacancies and the increasing need for work force necessitate the exploration of the options to more efficient employability, with special emphasis on the limiting factors and their relations. This is highly relevant in the case of individuals with low education skills and unfavourable mobility, who are extremely hard to employ owing to their circumstances and, in certain cases, the lack of motivation. As the majority of job vacancies are concentrated in the Central Hungarian region along with the western and northwestern parts of the country, the ratio of registered job seekers to the economically active, working age population significantly exceeds the national average (KSH [Hungarian Central Statistical Office] 2016)
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