Measuring Emissions from a Demonstrator Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicle under Real-World Conditions—Moving Forward to Euro VII

Tommaso Selleri,Roberto Gioria,Thomas Wilkes,Pablo Mendoza Villafuerte,Fabrizio Forloni,Oliver Simons,Velizara Lilova,Patrick Recker,Anastasios D Melas,Yusuke Onishi,Matthias Steffen,Adolfo Perujo,Benedikt Grob,Barouch Giechaskiel,Dirk Bosteels,Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa,Joachim Demuynck

doi:10.3390/catal12020184

Tommaso Selleri, Roberto Gioria + Show 15 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12020184

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Abstract

The European Union (EU) has introduced since the early 1990s a series of progressively more stringent emission regulations to control air pollution from the transport sector, commonly known as Euro standards. Following this path, more recently, with the European Green Deal, the European Commission has indicated the intention to review the current air pollutant emissions standards. This study investigates the emission performance of an advanced demonstrator vehicle developed to meet the increasingly more stringent air pollution limits required. Emissions of currently regulated and unregulated components including NH3, N2O, and SPN10 (solid particle number), were studied in a very wide range of real-world operative conditions. The performance of two new generation portable instruments for the onboard measurement of N2O and NH3 were also evaluated in comparison with reference laboratory equipment. Similarly, the measurement accuracy of onboard NOx sensors was also compared to laboratory reference. The vehicle presented low emissions of NOx and NH3 and relatively low emissions of N2O, also compared to data currently available in the literature, in a broad range of operative conditions, which however resulted in a large variability in emissions.

Highlights

The implementation of policies aimed at the reduction and control of air pollution has become a paramount challenge for the authorities worldwide, echoing a growing concern for environment and public health protection
Before proceeding with the discussion, it is important to point out that Figure 1 gives an overall picture of the emission performances of the vehicle without any ambition of being statistically representative, given the limited number of tests and the multiplicity of effects considered
In the following, the discussion focuses on the other pollutants, all the data measured are available in Supplementary Materials for reference

Summary

Introduction

The implementation of policies aimed at the reduction and control of air pollution has become a paramount challenge for the authorities worldwide, echoing a growing concern for environment and public health protection. Since the early 1990s, the EU has introduced a series of directives and regulations, commonly referred as Euro standards (Euro I to Euro VI step E for heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs)), aimed at curbing the contribution to air pollutants from the transport sector in Europe This has resulted in a significant reduction in the emissions of a number of noxious compounds [1] and has contributed to the achievement of 2020 targets for the main air pollutants for EU as a whole [2]. Vehicles are successively tested under the in-service conformity (ISC) procedure, in order to ensure that the tailpipe emissions are effectively limited throughout their normal life under normal conditions of use These tests are performed on-road using PEMS to overcome the need for removing the engine from the vehicle to assess the emissions

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