Abstract
Thermal-barrier operation of a tandem mirror requires the generation of a dense population of energetic, mirror-trapped electrons. This has been confirmed by experimental results from the initial thermal-barrier experiments in the Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade [Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 783 (1984)]. For discharges with similar operating conditions, a dramatic enhancement of the axial confinement time was observed only when the mirror-confined hot-electron density was a large fraction of the total electron density at the position of the thermal barrier. These results are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions.
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