Abstract
Different types of dual-junction solar cells (perovskite/silicon and GaInP/(Al)GaAs) are used in an investigation of measurement uncertainty for electrical characterization of multi-junction solar cells. A method traceable to international reference standards is presented. The spectral mismatch factor matrix is introduced and used with a Monte-Carlo method including manifold correlated and uncorrelated uncertainties. In this way, a detailed analysis of the solar simulator's spectral irradiance and its influence on uncertainty becomes possible. The use of subcell-adapted and broadband reference solar cells is addressed regarding their impact on uncertainty. This allows for finding optimal conditions for calibration with lowest measurement uncertainty. The short-circuit current of a series connected multi-junction solar cell is affected by luminescence coupling and other effects. With an experimental method it is shown how the uncertainty of the device short-circuit current can be precisely determined. The spectrometric characterization method allows deriving uncertainties of all I–V parameters. In this way a complete evaluation of measurement uncertainty for the calibration of multi-junction solar cells at standard testing conditions is introduced. This article is an extension to our work presented at the 46th IEEE PVSC. Here, we have added a detailed analysis of the influence of different solar simulator spectral irradiance distributions on measurement uncertainty by evaluating a Monte Carlo simulation introducing correlation coefficients. In addition for the first time, it is shown how luminescent coupling influences the calibration of multi-junction solar cells and how the effect needs to be implemented into the uncertainty of measurement for the short-circuit current as well as efficiency.
Highlights
A T PRESENT, the market in photovoltaic solar energy conversion is mainly driven by single-junction, siliconbased solar cells
We evaluate the influence on uncertainty of two different designs of solar simulator spectral irradiance distributions and reference solar cells, by calculating the uncertainty of the respective SMMij when calibrating a dual-junction perovskite/Si test sample from Oxford PV/Oxford/Helmholtz
The quantities describing spectral responsivity of reference and test cells were attributed globally with 50% uncorrelated and 50% wavelength correlated uncertainty as we focused the work on different solar simulator spectral irradiance distributions
Summary
A T PRESENT, the market in photovoltaic solar energy conversion is mainly driven by single-junction, siliconbased solar cells. A central issue for lowering the uncertainty in measurement are reference materials such as reference solar cells [7] and standard lamps. These are typically provided with their specific uncertainty by national metrological institutes and are used for calibrating the irradiance of the solar simulator and the spectroradiometer used for the measurement of the spectral distribution of the solar simulator. REICHMUTH et al.: MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTIES IN I–V CALIBRATION OF MULTI-JUNCTION SOLAR CELLS perovskite/silicon solar cell (Oxford PV/Oxford/Helmholtz), the influence of luminescent coupling (LC) on the uncertainty of the device’s current-voltage parameters is elaborated with spectrometric characterization performed on two dual-junction III–V cells (GaInP/GaAs and GaInP/AlGaAs) (Fraunhofer ISE)
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