Measurement of refractive index and viscosity for aqueous solution of sodium acetate, sodium carbonate, trisodium citrate, (glycerol + sodium acetate), (glycerol + sodium carbonate), and (glycerol + trisodium citrate) at T = 293.15 to 303.15 K and atmospheric pressure

Abstract

The Refractive index and viscosity are important physico-chemical properties of solutions that have many applications in research and industrial works. In this study, we measured the refractive index and viscosity for binary solutions of (water + sodium acetate), (water + sodium carbonate), and (water + trisodium citrate), as well as ternary solutions of (water + sodium acetate + glycerol), (water + sodium carbonate + glycerol), and (water + trisodium citrate + glycerol) in a wide range of mole fractions of solutes at T = (293.15, 298.15 and 303.15) K and atmospheric pressure. These measurements were done in order to study on the interactions between solute and solvent species in our studied solutions at different temperatures. For binary mixtures, the measured refractive indices were correlated with a linear equation. The values of constants of this linear equation, K r ,s, can help us to better understand the power of interaction between solute and solvent species in binary solutions of this study. Also, for ternary solutions of this study, the values of refractive index were calculated using a multiple equation that was suggested by Koohyar in 2018. Jones-Dole equation and Kumar equation were used for fitting viscosities of all solutions at different temperatures. In addition, the values of change of refractive index on mixing, Δ n D , and activation energy for viscous flow, E a(vis) , were calculated using refractive index and viscosity data, respectively. For binary solutions of this study the values of Δ n D were fitted by Redlich-Kister polynomial equation. For ternary solutions of this study the values of Δ n D were fitted by Singe et al., Calvo et al., and also, Nagata and Sakura equations. • The refractive indices of some binary and ternary aqueous solutions were studied. • Components were water, glycerol, sodium acetate, sodium carbonate, sodium citrate. • Two equations were applied to fit obtained refractive index data. • The fitting parameters were used to investigate on interactions between species. • The obtained data of this study can be used in food industries.