Abstract
We need a typical method of directly measuring geomagnetically induced current (GIC) to compare data for estimating a potential risk of power grids caused by GIC. Here, we overview GIC measurement systems that have appeared in published papers, note necessary requirements, report on our equipment, and show several examples of our measurements in substations around Tokyo, Japan. Although they are located at middle latitudes, GICs associated with various geomagnetic disturbances are observed, such as storm sudden commencements (SSCs) or sudden impulses (SIs) caused by interplanetary shocks, geomagnetic storms including a storm caused by abrupt southward turning of strong interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) associated with a magnetic cloud, bay disturbances caused by high-latitude aurora activities, and geomagnetic variation caused by a solar flare called the solar flare effect (SFE). All these results suggest that GIC at middle latitudes is sensitive to the magnetospheric current (the magnetopause current, the ring current, and the field-aligned current) and also the ionospheric current.
Highlights
Pulkkinen et al (2012) noted that the magnitude of geoelectric fields induced by geomagnetic variations drastically drops below geomagnetic latitudes of approximately 50 degrees
In “Examples of measurement data” section, we present examples of geomagnetically induced current (GIC) measured by our equipment
Examples of measurement data We show examples of GICs associated with Storm sudden commencement (SSC)/Sudden impulse (SI) caused by interplanetary shocks, geomagnetic storms, bay disturbances caused by high-latitude aurora activities, and geomagnetic variations caused by a solar flare called the solar flare effect (SFE)
Summary
Pulkkinen et al (2012) noted that the magnitude of geoelectric fields induced by geomagnetic variations drastically drops below geomagnetic latitudes of approximately 50 degrees. We sought a suitable sampling rate to capture peak values of GIC associated with rapid variations of the geomagnetic field, such as storm sudden commencements (SSCs) or sudden impulses (SIs).
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