Abstract
Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf city one of the most important ,oldest, historical and religious cities in Iraqi country which includes hundreds of holy shrines and historical mosques which over the built hundreds of years. The natural radiation of forty two samples of soil which collected randomly in June 2013 from different religious and historical places were measured using 3"×3" Na(Tl) detection. The mean values activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K was ( 23.59±4.37, 12.10±0.54 and 60.68±2.30) Bq kg-1 respectively , specific activity for all soil sample were in the worldwide average. The average values of the Radium equivalent activity and annual effective dose were (22.455 Bq/kg and 25.375 μSv/y) less than the world average .The heist external and internal hazard and gamma activity concentration index were (0.274 , 0.412 and 0.705) lower than unity.
Highlights
Shrine of Imam Ali - known as Alhaidariya holy - in the center of Najaf it refers as the advantage Islamic architectural style construction, and is considered one of the most important mosques and religious shrines in Iraq because it includes the remains of the Imam Ali bin Abi Talib who was martyred in 40 AH (661 AD)
Shrine of the Prophets Hood and Saleh is located in the Najaf cemetery major behind the city wall the old hand and the Valley of Peace shrine of prophets Hood and Saleh on the campus of one meant visitor to prayer and blessing, Camille ibn Ziyad Nakha'I Shrine who realized the life of the Messenger of Allah 18 years old, and Imam Ali as well as the shrine of Muslim Ibn Aqil “al Hussein ambassador” and al Sahaabi Maitham al Tamar shrine and the house of Imam Ali which known as Bait Fatima and al sahlaa mosque and many other religious and historical places
Natural sources of radiation are cosmic radiation and terrestrial radiation arising from the decay of naturally occurring radioactive substance,if the half life of a radionuclide found in geological strata approximates the estimated age of the earth, the radionuclide is primordial .it was presumably present from the time of the earth’s beginning .Inventories of primordial radionuclide s are essential parts of the natural background level of radioactivity in the environment .the concentrations of the natural radio nuclides 238U,232Th,their daughter products and 40K,present in the soil and rocks which in turn depend upon the local geology of each reigion in the world are causes of variation of doses
Summary
Al Najaf city have been Enjoyed in religious and cultural prestigious, they are a natural extension of Kufa capital of the Islamic caliphate days of Imam Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him), in al Najaf city many shrines and most important mosque. The index is useful to compare the specific activity of materials containing different concentrations of 238U 232Th and 40K. In order to examine whether the sample meets limits of dose criteria ,Another radiation hazard index, representative level index Iγr, used to estimate the level of γ- radiation hazard associated with the radionuclides in specific investigated samples ,is defind as the following equation [12,13,14,15]: The index Iγr was correlated with the annual dose due to the excess external gamma radiation caused by superficial material. The activity concentration index should be used only as a screening tool for identifying materials which might be of concern to be used as covering material According to this dose criterion, materials with I ≤ 3 should be avoided[15]. For the safe use of a material in the construction of dwellings, index (Hin) should be less than unity and the maximum value of (Hin) to be less than unity
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