Measurement and Modeling of Solid–Liquid Equilibria of l-Glutamic Acid in Pure Solvents and Aqueous Binary Mixtures

Abstract

The experimental solubility data of l-glutamic acid in pure water, formic acid, methanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, acetonitrile, and binary mixtures (formic acid + water, methanol + water, 2-propanol + water, acetonitrile + water) with different compositions were carried out at temperatures ranging from (283.15 to 328.15) K by the static analytic method. The solubility measurements showed that formic acid and its aqueous mixtures recorded a higher solubility than methanol + water, 2-propanol + water, and acetonitrile + water for the same composition at each temperature. Moreover, except formic acid the addition of methanol, 2-propanol, and acetonitrile to its aqueous mixtures resulted in the decrease in solubility of l-glutamic acid. The experimental data was fitted using different thermodynamic models such as the Buchowski-Ksiazczak equation, the Van't Hoff equation, the modified Apelblat equation, and the NRTL model, and the optimum values of the regressed parameters were obtained. The modified Apelblat equation, Buchowski-Ksiazczak equation, and NRTL activity coefficient model were fitted to the pure solvents solubility data, while the modified Apelblat, modified Apelblat-Jouyban-Acree, and NRTL models were used for the binary solvent systems. The results demonstrated formic acid as a cosolvent in the dissolution of l-glutamic acid in formic acid + water binary mixtures, while others exhibited an antisolvent effect on the solubilization of l-glutamic acid in their respective aqueous mixtures.