Measured obesity and overweight in adults: the Italian Health Examination Survey 2023-CUORE Project

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Abstract Background The WHO recommends to halt the rise of obesity by 2025, considering 2010 as baseline. This analysis aims to assess if Italy can meet the WHO target in the general adult population using data measured in the periodic health examination surveys (HESs) conducted within the CUORE Project. Methods In the HES started in 2023, mean level of BMI and prevalence of obesity (BMI > =30 kg/m2) and overweight (25 < =BMI< 30 kg/m2) were assessed in representative random samples of resident population, aged 35-74 years, stratified by age and sex (727 men and 706 women), from 7 (of 20) Italian Regions, in Northern, Central and Southern Italy. Weight and height were measured using standardized methods. Insufficient physical activity was defined as less than 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity per week, or equivalent. The survey is funded by the Italian Ministry of Health-CCM. Results Prevalence of obesity was 23% (95% C.I. 16-29%) in men and 25% (19-31%) in women; prevalence of overweight was 47% (39-54%) in men and 30% (24-37%) in women. Mean level of BMI was 27.5 kg/m2 (27.2-27.8 kg/m2) in men and 26.9 kg/m2 (26.4-27.3 kg/m2) in women. Obesity resulted tendencially higher in persons with insufficient physical activity (27%, with 95% C.I. 17-36% in men; 28%, 19-37% in women) than among those without (19%, 11-27% in men; 21%, 12-30% in women), and in persons with primary or secondary school education (29%, 17-40% in men; 32%, 20-44% in women) than in those with higher educational level (20%, 12-27% in men; 21%, 14-28% in women). Conclusions Going in the direction of WHO target, preliminary data collected within 2023 showed a prevalence of obesity not statistically different in comparison to HES data of 15 and 5 years ago, both in men and women, however, 70% of men and 55% of women are in the overweight/obesity condition. Preventive actions at national and community level should be still massively implemented. Key messages • Prevalence of obesity and overweight resulted still at epidemic level in the Italian adult general population. • In the Italian adult population stable obesity prevalence trend was observed in comparison to 15 and 5 years ago.