Meaningful Recovery Using Visual Therapy in a Patient with Balint Syndrome

Abstract

Objective(s): To determine whether titanium alloy internal fixations influence apoptosis in tissues subjected to microwave treatments at 2,450 MHz and 40 W during the healing of fractures. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: The rabbits were fed in the Animal Laboratory Center of Hospital which had a light, humidity, and temperature controlled environment. All Operation executed here. Participants: Twenty-two male healthy New Zealand adult white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups a week of adaptation later. Interventions: The non-implanted control group included 11 control rabbits without titanium alloy implants on 3.0 mm transverse osteotomies, and the implanted group also included 11 rabbits that were surgically implanted using titanium alloy implants on their 3.0 mm transverse osteotomies. The two groups received microwave treatments following the surgeries. Main Outcome Measure(s): To characterize the effects of titanium alloy internal fixations on apoptosis in the muscles after 30 days of microwave treatment, we performed TUNEL assays, fluorescent real-time (quantitative) PCR, western blotting analyses and transmission electron microscopy examinations. Results: The temperatures were markedly increased in the animals with the titanium alloy implants. Apoptosis in the muscle cells of the implanted group was significantly more extensive than that in the non-implanted control group. Transmission electron microscopy examinations of the skeletal muscles of the implanted groups revealed muscular mitochondrial swelling, vacuolization. Bax and Hsp70 were up-regulated, and Bcl-2 was down-regulated in the implanted group. Conclusions: Our results suggest that titanium alloy internal fixations caused greater muscular tissue cell apoptosis following 2,450 MHz, 40 W microwave treatments in this rabbit femur fracture models.