Mean-field model for nematic alignment of self-propelled rods.

Abstract

Self-propelled rods are a facet of the field of active matter relevant to many physical systems ranging in scale from shaken granular media and bacterial alignment to the flocking dynamics of animals. In this paper we develop a model for nematic alignment of self-propelled rods interacting through binary collisions. We avoid phenomenological descriptions of rod interaction in favor of rigorously using a set of microscopic-level rules. Under the assumption that each collision results in a small change to a rod's orientation, we derive the Fokker-Planck equationfor the evolution of the kinetic density function. Using analytical and numerical methods, we study the emergence of the nematic order from a homogeneous, uniform steady state of the mean-field equation. We compare the level of orientational noise needed to destabilize this nematic order and compare our results to an existing phenomenological model that does not explicitly account for the physical collisions of rods. We show the presence of an additional geometric factor in our equationsreflecting a reduced collision rate between nearly aligned rods that reduces the level of noise at which nematic order is destroyed, suggesting that alignment that depends on purely physical collisions is less robust.