Maxillary and mandibular dental arch forms in a Jordanian population with normal occlusion

M Aljayousi,E S Abu Alhaija,S Badran,S Al-Khateeb

doi:10.1186/s12903-021-01461-y

M Aljayousi, E S Abu Alhaija + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01461-y

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Abstract

BackgroundEthnic background has been claimed to affect arch form. The purpose of this study was to describe and elucidate the maxillary and mandibular arch forms in Jordanian population and to develop a classification method for these forms which could be employed to construct orthodontic archwires accordingly.MethodsThe sample was comprised of study casts of five hundred and twenty subjects (231 males and 289 females with a mean age of 15.4 ± 1.02 years). All subjects had permanent dentition with normal occlusion. A mathematical method associated with a polynomial function of 6th degree was employed to assess the dental arch forms. The resultant arch forms were classified into 5 groups for both the maxilla and mandible utilizing a computer software with special code designed for this study. Each group was subdivided into 3 subgroup sizes namely: small, medium, and large.ResultsCatenary arch form was found in 47% and 41.2% (p ˂ 0.01) of maxilla and mandible arch forms, respectively. Form 2 (which is halfway between ellipse and U-shaped arch form) was found in 27.7% and 26.7%. Medium size arch form was found in 55.4% of the maxillary and 65.6% of the mandibular arch forms.ConclusionCatenary arch form was the most prevalent arch form, followed by wide elliptical form. The other forms, which included tudor arch, tapered equilateral and quadrangular forms were less frequent. Regarding size, the medium size was the most prevalent among the studied samples.

Highlights

Ethnic background has been claimed to affect arch form
Dental arch forms have been evaluated in different populations [14,15,16,17]
Out of the 5 arch forms that were found in the Jordanian population, two constituted the majority of all Conclusion a generalized arch form for all individuals could not be established, the following conclusions could be drawn: 1. The catenary arch form was the most prevalent form in both the maxilla and mandible; it was more common in females than males

Summary

Introduction

Ethnic background has been claimed to affect arch form. The purpose of this study was to describe and elucidate the maxillary and mandibular arch forms in Jordanian population and to develop a classification method for these forms which could be employed to construct orthodontic archwires . Several factors have been claimed to affect arch size and forms such as ethnic background, type of malocclusion, variability in eruptive parts of the teeth, growth of the supporting bones, and movement of the teeth after emergence due to unwholesome habits and unbalanced muscular pressures [11,12,13].

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