Maturation and quality of ‘BRS Magna’ grapes influenced by rootstocks in rainy season

Luana Ferreira Dos Santos,Maria Auxiliadora Coêlho De Lima,Antônio Augusto Marques Rodrigues,Eugenio Ribeiro De Andrade Neto,José Henrique Bernardino Nascimento

doi:10.1590/1678-992x-2020-0216

Abstract

Seasonal variations and production factors can influence the quality of grapes. Considering the Sub-middle region of the São Francisco Valley, Brazil, differentiated by production in rainy and warmer periods of the year, the climatic conditions in each season affect the duration of the phenological phases and quality of the grapes. The objective of this study was to characterize the changes in the quality components during maturation of ‘BRS Magna’ grapes on different rootstocks, in rainy seasons under tropical conditions, as a support to define the harvest time. The experiment was conducted in Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil, from Jan to Apr 2017 (cycle 1) and Dec 2017 to Apr 2018 (cycle 2) evaluating rootstocks and age of the fruits. Bunches were picked from the start of maturation to the harvest: 49, 56, 61, 64 and 68 days after fruit set (DAF) for cycle 1, and 35, 41, 48, 55, 61, and 66 DAF for cycle 2. In cycle 1 ‘IAC 572’ and ‘Paulsen 1103’ rootstocks provided higher sugar contents in grapes, which was only repeated in cycle 2 for ‘Paulsen 1103’. The accumulation of anthocyanins and yellow flavonoids was favored by ‘IAC 313’ and ‘IAC 572’ rootstocks in cycle 1, and by ‘IAC 313’ and ‘IAC 766’ in cycle 2. A higher content of polyphenols was conferred on ‘IAC 572’ in cycle 1 and on ‘IAC 766’ in cycle 2, which also had a greater antioxidant capacity. Although there were differences between rootstocks, harvesting at approximately 64 DAF maximized grape quality for all treatments.

Highlights

Vine cultivation is spread throughout various countries and climatic conditions, serving different markets
We evaluated six rootstocks among the most important adopted for grapevines for fresh consumption and for winemaking in the region: ‘IAC 313’ (‘Golia’ × Vitis smalliana), ‘IAC 572’ (Vitis caribaea × ‘101-14 Mgt’), ‘IAC 766’ (‘106-8 Mgt’ × Vitis caribaea), ‘Paulsen 1103’ (Vitis berlandieri × Vitis rupestris), ‘Harmony’ and ‘Freedom’, both having the same parents (Vitis champinii × Vitis vinifera × Vitis labrusca × Vitis riparia)
Bunch weight was influenced by the isolated effect of fruit age and rootstock (Figures 1A and 1B)

Summary

Introduction

Vine cultivation is spread throughout various countries and climatic conditions, serving different markets. Grape production in the tropical zone of Brazil has increased considerably and the Sub-middle region of the São Francisco Valley, northwest of São Paulo State, and north of Minas Gerais State are the main producing centers. In these regions, the lowest temperatures are insufficient to induce dormancy; the use of technology allows for two or more annual harvests (Oliveira et al, 2018). In the Sub-middle region of the São Francisco Valley, grape production is aimed mainly at fresh consumption. Production of grapes for the juice industry has increased by the introduction of Brazilian cultivars, such as Isabel Precoce (Vitis labrusca) and hybrids ‘BRS Violeta’, ‘BRS Cora’ and ‘BRS Magna’ (Dutra et al, 2018b)

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Conclusion