Abstract
The Standard Model for particle physics is here extended by making a non-equilibrium filling of the empty vacuum after the start of Big Bang. The process is described as an unstable binding of massless quarks to massless antiquarks. When the filled part of vacuum condenses, the system becomes stabilized, quarks acquire mass and become confined and a quartic potential is induced, which hence need not be introduced ad hoc. The coupling and scale parameters in this potential have become asymmetric microscopic functions of the quark and antiquark densities. The so obtained dynamics can explain how the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe and dark matter emerged. Quantum corrections are included and the model then gives ordinary matter, dark matter and dark energy contents at correct orders of magnitude.
Highlights
It has been thought that Electroweak (EW) baryogenesis and QCD confinement could help to explain how the Standard Model (SM) emerged [1]-[7]
A second reason is that quantum fields lose their definition due to vacuum instabilities above the critical energy Ec, after emptying of a finite number of vacuum states
Ec that generated surplus quarks, how this is connected with the QCD part of the SM, and it explained the generation of the quartic potential, the separation between matter and dark matter (DM) and dark energy (DE)
Summary
It has been thought that Electroweak (EW) baryogenesis and QCD confinement could help to explain how the Standard Model (SM) emerged [1]-[7]. The lambda cold dark matter (LCDM) model postulates that the expansion of the Universe is driven by dark energy (DE) and dark matter (DM), and that the galaxy structures we see today are due to density variations in the very early Universe Such variations are expected to produce gravitational waves and a signal in the cosmic microwave background. Big Bang is assumed to have started at infinite energy conditions from a completely empty vacuum and that the Universe contained equal and isotropic densities of free massless quarks and antiquarks, leptons and antileptons. The non-equilibrium filling of vacuum, followed by condensation (assumed to have occurred when the energy decreased after Big Bang), generated a quartic potential, in which the coupling λ = g2 and the scale a became asymmetric microscopic functions of the quark and antiquark densities. The results obtained show that the critical energy level Ec is much below 1010 GeV at which λquartic in the SM becomes negative [11]
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