Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) as Non-Invasive Biomarkers of Remodelling in Asthma

Abstract

Rationale: Airway remodelling is clinically defined as persistent airflow obstruction despite aggressive antiinflammatory therapies. Assessment of airway remodelling by analysis of serum markers has been developed as minimally invasive procedures. Aim of the work: Evaluate the usefulness of estimation of serum MMP-9, TIMP-1 and their ratio, as non-invasive markers of airway remodelling in asthmatics. Patients and methods: The study included 68 asthmatics and 20 controls. Patients were classified according to levels of asthma control, severity and disease duration. Serum samples were taken to estimate levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1 and their ratio. Results: Serum MMP-9, TIMP-1, and MMP-9/TIMP-1 were significantly higher in asthmatics than controls, in uncontrolled vs. controlled asthma (P 5 years vs. <5 years (P?0.001). There was significant positive correlation between studied parameters (p<0.000) and significant negative correlation between the biomarkers and FEV1 (p<0.001). Conclusion: Serum MMP-9, TIMP-1, and MMP-9/TIMP-1 could be considered as non-invasive markers of airway remodelling that can bypass biopsy sampling. Serum sample is easily handled and not subjected to technical error as sputum or BAL fluid.