Abstract
ABSTRACT Immunochromatographic assay (ICA) is an efficient analytical technique and rapid, convenient, easy-to-use, low-cost, and on-site detection method that has been widely used to evaluate food safety. However, an important issue to be addressed for this method is its matrix effect. In this work, time-resolved fluorescent nanobead ICA (TRFN-ICA) and colloidal gold ICA (CG-ICA) were developed to detect clenbuterol in swine urine. Under optimized working conditions, the limits of detection of TRFN-ICA and CG-ICA were 16 and 68 pg/mL, respectively. The matrix effect on TRFN-ICA and CG-ICA was assessed in 20 swine urine samples. Results indicated that the sensitivity of TRFN-ICA was better than that of CG-ICA, and the detection time of the former was shorter than that of the latter. The matrix effect on TRFN-ICA was more serious than that on CG-ICA.
Highlights
Clenbuterol (CLB), which is a synthesized β-adrenergic agonist, promotes accretion of skeletal muscle mass by inhibiting fat synthesis and increasing protein synthesis as a “leanness enhancer” (Zhang et al, 2006; Zhang, Wang et al, 2009)
The following materials were used in this study: time-resolved fluorescent nanobeads (TRFNs, 1.05%, solid content, w/v; carboxylate-modified Eu (III)-chelate-doped polystyrene nanobeads, excitation = 345 nm, emission = 614 nm; Nanjing Weice Biotech Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China); bovine serum albumin (BSA) and N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC·HCl)
TRFN-ICTS was scanned with a TRFN-Immunochromatographic assay (ICA) reader after 10 min, while CG-ICTS was scanned with a colloidal gold ICA (CG-ICA) reader after 15 min
Summary
Clenbuterol (CLB), which is a synthesized β-adrenergic agonist, promotes accretion of skeletal muscle mass by inhibiting fat synthesis and increasing protein synthesis as a “leanness enhancer” (Zhang et al, 2006; Zhang, Wang et al, 2009). Current confirmed methods of CLB in different biological matrices include gas chromatography mass spectrometry (He, Su, Zeng, Liu, & Huang, 2007; Zhao, Zhao, Huangfu, & Wu, 2010) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) (Li, Wu, Yang, Zhang, & Huang-Fu, 2010; Zhang, Chang et al, 2009). These methods are specific, sensitive, and accurate, they require complicated sample pretreatment, trained operators, and sophisticated instruments
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