Mating behaviour and light conditions cause seasonal changes in the dispersal pattern of the satyrine butterfly Lethe diana

Abstract

Summary1. The spatial arrangement of resources and climatically favourable sites affects the dispersal pattern of butterflies.2. The microdistribution of the satyrine butterfly Lethe diana changes seasonally, meaning that the relative spatial arrangement of resources also changes seasonally. The seasonal change in the dispersal pattern of this butterfly was studied.3. Males of the May–June generation tended to stay in a restricted habitat patch while females of the same generation did not. A number of the May–June generation males became resident at prime forest edge sites, where a territorial behaviour that was rarely seen in other generations was prevalent. Females of the May–June generation moved to these territorial sites for mating but left after copulation to avoid male harassment; their residency was therefore weak.4. In both sexes, the July–August generation tended to be more mobile than the September–October generation. This was because the July–August generation butterflies utilised dark environments for thermoregulation and, because these conditions were widespread throughout the forest, the butterflies were able to move widely. The September–October generation, however, preferred intermediate light conditions, which tended to be restricted to the forest edge; as this was a relatively small area, butterfly movement was restricted.