Abstract
Since Isaac Newton the understanding of the physical world is more and more complex. The Euclidean space of three dimensions , independent of time is replaced in Enstein’s vision by the Lorentzian space-time at first, then by four dimensions manifold to unify space and matter. String theorists add to space more dimensions to make their theory consistent. Complex topological invariants which characterize different kind of spaces are developed. Space is discretized at the quantum scale in the loop quantum gravity theory. A non-commutative and spectral geometry is defined from the theory of operator algebra by Alain Connes. In this review, our goal is to enumerate different approaches implementing algebra and topology in order to understand the standard model of particles and beyond
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callMore From: International Journal of Mathematics and Computers in Simulation
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
