Mathematical Modeling of Water-Soluble Astaxanthin Release from Binary Polysaccharide/Gelatin Blend Matrices

Katarzyna Łupina,Dariusz Kowalczyk,Barbara Baraniak,Tomasz Skrzypek

doi:10.3390/colloids5030041

Abstract

Water-soluble AstaSana astaxanthin (AST) was loaded into 75/25 blend films made of polysaccharides (carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), gum Arabic (GAR), starch sodium octenyl succinate (OSA), water-soluble soy polysaccharides (WSSP)) and gelatin (GEL) at levels of 0.25, 0.5, and 1%, respectively. Due to the presence of starch granules in the AST formulation, the supplemented films exhibited increased surface roughness as compared to the AST-free films. Apart from the CMC/GEL carrier, the migration of AST to water (25 °C, 32 h) was incomplete. Excluding the CMC-based carrier, the gradual rise in the AST concentration decreased the release rate. The Hopfenberg with time lag model provided the best fit for all release series data. Based on the quarter-release times (t25%), the 0.25% AST-supplemented OSA/GEL film (t25% = 13.34 h) ensured a 1.9, 2.2, and 148.2 slower release compared to the GAR-, WSSP- and CMC-based carriers, respectively. According to the Korsmeyer–Peppas model, the CMC-based films offered a quasi-Fickian release of AST (n < 0.5) with the burst effect (t100% = 0.5–1 h). In general, the release of AST from the other films was multi-mechanistic (n > 0.5), i.e., controlled at least by Fickian diffusion and the polymer relaxation (erosion) mechanism. The 1% AST-added WSSP/GEL system provided the most linear release profile.

Highlights

Hydrocolloids are commonly used in almost all major dosage forms including tablets, capsules, suspensions, gels, films, and transdermal patches [1]
The knowledge of release rate is of utmost relevance, a rapid release causes fast consumption of the active compounds within a short time, after which the concentration of active compound required for the effective protective action is not maintained on the food surface; and, spoilage reactions on the food surface may start if the release of the preservatives from the packaging film is too slow [6]
Since starch is the component of the AST formulation (Figure 2), it is easy to deduce that the observed round-shaped inequalities were the starch granules

Summary

Introduction

Hydrocolloids are commonly used in almost all major dosage forms including tablets, capsules, suspensions, gels, films, and transdermal patches [1]. Controlled-release packaging, which is a new technology that relies on releasing active compounds (antimicrobials and antioxidants) at desirable rates to extend the shelf life of food [2]. The soluble polysaccharides, such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and pullulan, offer rapid release (burst effect) of bioactive molecules upon contact with the aqueous medium, while various forms of starch carrier matrices can be fabricated for controlled-release purposes [4,5]. The knowledge of release rate is of utmost relevance, a rapid release causes fast consumption of the active compounds within a short time, after which the concentration of active compound required for the effective protective action is not maintained on the food surface; and, spoilage reactions on the food surface may start if the release of the preservatives from the packaging film is too slow [6]

Methods

Results

Conclusion