Mathematical Modeling of Social Assessment for Alternative Fuel Vehicles

Abstract

This research presents the first comprehensive model for social assessment of alternative fuel vehicles, covering hybrid-electric, battery-electric, and fuel-cell vehicles, based on their technological, financial, and infrastructure aspects. The model is adaptable to any country and does not require social engagement methods, thus producing more objective results. Indicators are assessed case-by-case and receive a score from zero to five. Lower scores show a greater need for prioritizing the indicator when adopting a specific alternative fuel vehicle. A low score doesn’t mean a low impact, but instead emphasizes the importance of improving the relevant indicator for the particular vehicle technology in the studied region. The case study conducted in Morocco tested the model, highlighting the superior performance of hybrid-electric vehicles based on their score. Although these vehicles offer financial profitability, their successful adoption relies on the government’s provision of more options, reduced purchase costs, and improved secondary road infrastructure. Battery-electric vehicles, while facing challenges in terms of maintenance and charging infrastructure, can be addressed in Morocco by implementing on-site generation in charging stations and enhancing secondary road infrastructure. On the other hand, fuel-cell vehicles have notable social requirements and necessitate more extensive efforts to penetrate the market compared to battery-electric vehicles. Finally, the authors suggest including more alternative fuel vehicles in the model and additional social variables, such as user experience, vehicle size, fuel efficiency, environmental awareness, purchasing behavior, and brand loyalty. The suggestion would allow gaining more insight into social preferences.