Abstract
In this study, some key new developments in nanoscience which highlight the problem of nanoparticles in blood flow through mild stenosis in the presence of a blood clot have been presented. The blood flow behavior through the stenosed artery is considered using the Prandlt fluid model and the flow of blood is considered as suspension of nanoparticles. An appropriate non-linear system of equations governing blood flow is represented in a cylindrical coordinate system and solved exactly under mild stenotic conditions using the geometry of the stenotic artery in the presence of a clot. Heat transfer phenomena have been examined for the physical features of the flow of blood through a stenosed artery, which is tapered in shape and with the presence of a clot. The temperature profile has been discussed with graphs for several different parameters of clot size, stenosis height, heat source, and sink parameter. Tapering phenomena has been analyzed for temperature profile. It is examined that in converging tapering the temperature provides greater values as estimated together with the non-tapered arteries and diverging tapering arteries. In this work, it is also analyzed that with a rise in the clot size (σ) the temperature (θ) increases, whereas the radius of the artery with stenosis h(z) decreases and heat source and sink parameter (D) increases.
Highlights
Heart disease is sometimes called coronary heart disease
According to the WHO’s 2016 report, ∼17.7 million people died from heart diseases, which makes up 31% of all deaths in that year, with ∼7.5 million dying because of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and 6.67 million by heart stroke
This occurs when blood is passing through the blood vessels and blood flow passage is reduced, by reducing radius, because of the deposition of fatty acids or plaque inside the inner wall of the blood vessels (Young, 1968)
Summary
Heart disease is sometimes called coronary heart disease. It is the leading cause of death among adults all over the world. Stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of a lack of oxygen to organs (Ellahi et al, 2013) This occurs when blood is passing through the blood vessels and blood flow passage is reduced, by reducing radius (stenosis), because of the deposition of fatty acids or plaque inside the inner wall of the blood vessels (Young, 1968). This model has not been discussed for this kind of blood flow problem This present study aims to examine an nanoparticles in blood flow with a constant viscosity μ and density ρ in two coaxial tubes with length L; the inner tube contains a clot on its wall and the outer tube contains an axially symmetric mild stenosis. To calculate the heat transfer, the general solution for the temperature profile using the boundary conditions is found exactly, which is given by
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