Abstract
In this study, the wear behavior of a physical vapor deposition (PVD) AlTiN coated on the titanium alloy was investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to analyze input factors, such as load (A), sliding speed (B), and sliding distance (C), while wear mass loss (WML) and coefficient of driction (COF) were considered as the response parameters. The statistical analysis shows that main factors, that is, interaction of AC and pure quadratic terms B2 and C2, have maximum influences on WML. However, COF was highly affected by load, sliding speed, and interaction of AB and quadratic term A2. The present work attempts to carry out empirical modeling to predict output response on WML and COF. Desirability-based optimization technique was employed to obtain minimum WML and COF. Microscopy images of the wear tracks reveal visible grooves and scratches that confirm abrasive wear to be the primary wear mechanism accompanied by adhesive wear. The investigation concluded that AlTiN has better wear resistance properties and can be used to coat titanium implants for biomedical application. The result shows that the minimum WML and COF have been found at applied load 15 N, sliding speed at 0.5 m/s, and sliding distance 500 m.
Highlights
Surface engineering is enabling technology that meets the expectations of modern science, energy, material properties, and environmental friendliness. e technology allows for the altering of materials surfaces to have enhanced properties [1]
Statistical Analysis. e statistical analysis is applied to analyzing the responses as per input factor combinations, coefficients estimation, and model adequacy checking and predicting the responses [14]. e factors considered for the study were load, sliding speed, and sliding distance. e wear mass loss (WML) and coefficient of driction (COF) were taken as response parameters. e face-centered cubic design was employed using Design Expert software. e experimental results of the wear test coated on titanium alloy were presented in Table [2]
Mathematical Models for WML and COF. e input trials developed the mathematical models for WML and COF
Summary
Surface engineering is enabling technology that meets the expectations of modern science, energy, material properties, and environmental friendliness. e technology allows for the altering of materials surfaces to have enhanced properties [1]. PVD technique is a vaporization coating method that involves transforming the coating material into the gaseous phase by using resistive heating, electron beam, etc., to deposit on the surface of the substrate [2, 3]. E advantage in elemental composition similarity is taken between Ti-6Al-4V substrate and TiN coating, where diffusion or adhesion property is expected to occur between materials to yield improved sliding wear resistance [7]. Szala et al [9] investigated the Advances in Materials Science and Engineering sliding wear mechanism of AlTiN (PVD) coated stainless steel substrate (grade AISI 304). E results showed that AlTiN-coated samples exhibited 24 times sliding wear resistance and two times decrease in friction coefficient than the uncoated substrates. It was observed that grooving, microscratching, microplowing, and smearing were the main types of sliding wear mechanisms
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