Mathematical approach for improved performance of flat-sheet forward osmosis membrane

Abstract

Forward osmosis is a promising membrane-based desalination technique that uses less energy compared to other technologies. Hybridization of forward osmosis in the company of different technologies makes it an attractive technology. However, the availability of commercial membranes, the cost of the membrane, low water flux, low retention of impurities, and availability of the draw solution are the major obstacle to the commercialization of forward osmosis technology. Application and mass transfer are the major covered area of forward osmosis technology. In this study, mathematical modeling and simulation are carried out for the flat sheet membrane/Plate and frame membrane, which comprise mass balance, permeate flux, and effect of concentration polarization. Membrane orientation, draw and feed solution flow rate, the concentration of draw solution and feed solution, and the flow arrangement of the solutions are variable inputs to the mathematical modeling. The result shows that higher dilution of the draw solution can be achieved using a lower draw solution flow rate and a higher feed solution flow rate. Also, the parallel flow and counter flow arrangement in forward osmosis is slightly influence the variation in the concentration difference for both streams. Wisely choosed operating conditions using mathematical modeling give better membrane performance.