Abstract
Background and AimsInfant adverse birth outcomes have been suggested to contribute to neonatal morbidity and mortality and may cause long-term health consequences. Although evidence suggests maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) categories associate with some birth outcomes, there is no consensus on these associations. We aimed to examine the associations of maternal prepregnancy BMI categories with a wide range of adverse birth outcomes.MethodsData were from a population-based retrospective cohort study of 9,282,486 eligible mother–infant pairs in the U.S. between 2016 and 2018. Maternal prepregnancy BMI was classified as: underweight (<18.5 kg/m2); normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2); overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2); obesity grade 1 (30–34.9 kg/m2); obesity grade 2 (35.0–39.9 kg/m2); and obesity grade 3 (≥40 kg/m2). A total of six birth outcomes of the newborn included preterm birth, low birthweight, macrosomia, small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age (LGA), and low Apgar score (5-min score <7).ResultsMaternal prepregnancy overweight and obesity increased the likelihood of infant preterm birth, with odds ratios (ORs) (95% CIs) of 1.04 (1.04–1.05) for overweight, 1.18 (1.17–1.19) for obesity grade 1, 1.31 (1.29–1.32) for obesity grade 2, and 1.47 (1.45–1.48) for obesity grade 3, and also for prepregnancy underweight (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.30–1.34) after adjusting for all potential covariates. Prepregnancy overweight and obesity were associated with higher odds of macrosomia, with ORs (95% CIs) of 1.53 (1.52–1.54) for overweight, 1.92 (1.90–1.93) for obesity grade 1, 2.33 (2.31–2.35) for obesity grade 2, and 2.87 (2.84–2.90) for obesity grade 3. Prepregnancy overweight and obesity was associated with higher odds of LGA, with ORs (95% CIs) of 1.58 (1.57–1.59) for overweight, 2.05 (2.03–2.06) for obesity grade 1, 2.54 (2.52–2.56) for obesity grade 2, and 3.17 (3.14–3.21) for obesity grade 3. Prepregnancy overweight and obesity were also associated with higher odds of low Apgar score, with ORs (95% CIs) of 1.12 (1.11–1.14) for overweight, 1.21 (1.19–1.23) for obesity grade 1, 1.34 (1.31–1.36) for obesity grade 2, and 1.55 (1.51–1.58) for obesity grade 3.ConclusionOur findings suggest maintaining or obtaining a healthy body weight for prepregnancy women could substantially reduce the likelihood of important infant adverse birth outcomes.
Highlights
Prepregnancy well-being of women of reproductive age and their male partners is the basis of healthy pregnancy that contributes to healthy growth and development of the offspring in utero
Maternal prepregnancy overweight and obesity increased the likelihood of infant preterm birth, with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.04 (1.04–1.05) for overweight, 1.18 (1.17–1.19) for obesity grade 1, 1.31 (1.29–1.32) for obesity grade 2, and 1.47 (1.45–1.48) for obesity grade 3, and for prepregnancy underweight (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.30–1.34) after adjusting for all potential covariates
We examined the associations of maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) categories with a wide range of infant adverse birth outcomes in a population-based national study of 9 million mother–infant pairs
Summary
Prepregnancy well-being of women of reproductive age and their male partners is the basis of healthy pregnancy that contributes to healthy growth and development of the offspring in utero. Some adverse birth outcomes such as preterm birth, low birthweight, or macrosomia are important clinical and public health concerns as they increase the incidence of death of the newborns and might lead to long-term health consequences [1,2,3]. It is very necessary to explore the associations between maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and a wide range of adverse birth outcomes. Infant adverse birth outcomes have been suggested to contribute to neonatal morbidity and mortality and may cause long-term health consequences. Evidence suggests maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) categories associate with some birth outcomes, there is no consensus on these associations. We aimed to examine the associations of maternal prepregnancy BMI categories with a wide range of adverse birth outcomes
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have