Maternal obesity, gestational weight gain, and offspring asthma and atopy

Abstract

BackgroundMaternal obesity may affect offspring asthma and atopic disease risk by altering fetal immune system development. However, few studies evaluate gestational weight gain (GWG). ObjectiveTo evaluate relationships between maternal body mass index (BMI), GWG, and persistent wheeze, eczema, allergy, and asthma risk in offspring through middle childhood. MethodsA total of 5939 children from Upstate KIDS, a population-based longitudinal cohort of children born in upstate New York (2008-2019) were included in the analysis. Persistent wheeze or asthma, eczema, and allergy were maternally reported at multiple study time points throughout early and middle childhood. Poisson regression models with robust SEs were used to estimate adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for offspring atopic outcomes by maternal prepregnancy BMI and GWG. ResultsPrepregnancy BMI was associated with increased risk of persistent wheeze by 3 years of age even after adjustments for maternal atopy (class I obesity: aRR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.13-2.20; class II or III obesity: aRR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.22-2.35). Associations with reported asthma in middle childhood did not reach statistical significance. Furthermore, no associations were found between prepregnancy BMI and atopic outcomes in either early or middle childhood. GWG was not associated with higher risk of early childhood persistent wheeze or middle childhood asthma. ConclusionMaternal prepregnancy BMI was associated with increased risk of offspring wheeze, whereas excessive GWG was generally not associated with childhood asthma or atopy.