Abstract
BackgroundThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal high fat intake on intestinal development and transcriptional profile.MethodsEight gilts with similar age and body weight were randomly allocated into 2 groups receiving the control and high fat diets (HF diet) from d 30 to 90 of gestation, with 4 gilts each group and one gilt each pen. At d 90 of gestation, two fetuses each gilt were removed by cesarean section. Intestinal samples were collected for analysis of morphology, enzyme activities and transcriptional profile.ResultsThe results showed that feeding HF diet markedly increased the fetal weight and lactase activity, also tended to increase intestinal morphology. Porcine Oligo Microarray analysis indicated that feeding HF diet inhibited 64 % of genes (39 genes down-regulated while 22 genes up-regulated),which were related to immune response, cancer and metabolism, also markedly modified 33 signal pathways such as antigen processing and presentation, intestinal immune network for IgA production, Jak-STAT and TGF-ß signaling transductions, pathways in colorectal cancer and glycerolipid metabolism.ConclusionCollectively, it could be concluded that maternal high fat intake was able to increase fetal weight and lactase activity, however, it altered the intestinal immune response, signal transduction and metabolism.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-016-0261-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal high fat intake on intestinal development and transcriptional profile
The functional maturation of Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) occurs in both pre- and postnatal period, which is largely influenced by maternal nutrition [2]
The 4.5 % of soy oil was added into CON diet to formulate high fat diets (HF diet), as a result, HF diet contained digestive energy (DE) at 3.0 Mcal/kg, while CON diet contained DE at 2.6 Mcal/kg
Summary
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal high fat intake on intestinal development and transcriptional profile. Gastrointestinal tract (GIT), as an internal organ to digest nutrients and resist exogenous antigens, starts to develop at early gestation and mature rapidly in late gestation for extra-uterine life [1]. The functional maturation of GIT occurs in both pre- and postnatal period, which is largely influenced by maternal nutrition [2]. Maternal diet has been shown to affect the fetal development and organ function in mammalian animals [3]. Our recent study suggests that maternal nutrition. Che et al Lipids in Health and Disease (2016) 15:90 response of fetal intestine to maternal high fat intake. Pigs were chosen as the experimental animal, because it is generally accepted to be closer to humans than other laboratory or domestic animals in terms of gastrointestinal anatomy, physiology, nutrition and microbiota [2, 7,8,9]
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