Maternal Diet, C-Reactive Protein, and the Outcome of Pregnancy

Abstract

Objective: To examine the association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), a systemic biomarker for the inflammatory process at entry to care, with pregnancy-induced hypertension/preeclampsia, adverse outcomes of pregnancy, and the maternal diet.Design: Random sample (N = 520) with normal glucose tolerance from a large prospective cohort study of urban, low income, minority gravidae.Results: During pregnancy, the highest tertile of hsCRP (range, 7.06–137.41 mg/L) was associated with significantly increased risks for early preterm delivery (<34 weeks). However, after stratification by maternal pregravid body mass index (BMI), risk for early preterm delivery <34 weeks (adjusted odds ratios [AOR] = 3.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05–12.27), and pregnancy-induced hypertension (AOR = 2.66, 95% CI = 1.03–6.86) including preeclampsia (AOR = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.08–6.85) was shown to be specific to lean women (BMI <25) with high hsCRP. Increased hsCRP was unrelated to risk among overweight and obese gravidae. We found high hsCRP to be associated with diet. After stratification by BMI, dietary differences (higher intakes of protein and cholesterol with a lower intake of carbohydrate and a higher entry dietary glycemic index) were associated with increased hsCRP only among lean gravidae and not among those who were overweight or obese.Conclusions: High hsCRP is a diet-related biomarker for serious complications and poor outcome in lean women with normal glucose tolerance.