Abstract
An adverse intrauterine environment, induced by a chromium-restricted diet, is a potential cause of metabolic disease in adult life. Up to now, the relative mechanism has not been clear. C57BL female mice were time-mated and fed either a control diet (CD), or a chromium-restricted diet (CR) throughout pregnancy and the lactation period. After weaning, some offspring continued the diet diagram (CD-CD or CR-CR), while other offspring were transferred to another diet diagram (CD-CR or CR-CD). At 32 weeks of age, glucose metabolism parameters were measured, and the liver from CR-CD group and CD-CD group was analyzed using a gene array. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot were used to verify the result of the gene array. A maternal chromium-restricted diet resulted in obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, increased area under the curve (AUC) of glucose in oral glucose tolerance testing and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). There were 463 genes that differed significantly (>1.5-fold change, p < 0.05) between CR-CD offspring (264 up-regulated genes, 199 down-regulated genes) and control offspring. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and STRING (Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins) analysis revealed that the insulin signaling pathway and Wnt signaling pathway were in the center of the gene network. Our study provides the first evidence that maternal chromium deficiency influences glucose metabolism in pups through the regulation of insulin signaling and Wnt signaling pathways.
Highlights
Diet has important health effects at any stage of life, but nutrition during fetal and early postnatal life is important for later life, even throughout the whole life
Results of Real-Time PCR Verification in the center of all 463 differentially-expressed genes in the chromium-restricted diet (CR)-control diet (CD) group compared with the CD-CD group, thirintetehneSicndecnieftfenererotewfnaotlrlika4l6al3nyad-leiyfxfseipsrersnehtsoisawelledyd-egtxhepenrieenssssueildningtsehingeensianilnisnutghlepinaCtRshi-wgCanDyagalrniondugWppcnoatmtshipgwanraaelydinwganiptdhatthWhwenaCytDwp-CearDtehway were selected togrpoeurpf,otrhmirtereenadl-itfifmereentPiaCllRy-.exRperaesls-etidmgeenPesCiRn trheesuinlstuslisnhsoigwneadlintghpaatthtrweanydasnidnWchntanpagtehwoafyexpression for the selwecerteedsel1e3ctegdentoepsewrfoerrme rceoanl-tsiimsetePnCtRw
By using the STRING gene network and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, we found that some genes in the insulin signaling pathway were in the center of the gene function network
Summary
Diet has important health effects at any stage of life, but nutrition during fetal and early postnatal life is important for later life, even throughout the whole life. Increasing evidence suggests that the occurrence of diabetes is related to nutrition status in fetus period [1,2,3,4]. Growing evidence proves that under-nutrition in early life is an important risk of metabolic disease in later life [5,6]. The nutrition status of mothers will affect children’s health for a long period. Malnutrition in this sensitive window may lead the occurrence of metabolic disorder in later life [7,8].
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
