Maternal and Perinatal Outcome in Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy - A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Background: It was a retrospective observational study to know demographic factors, maternal and perinatal outcome in patients of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy admitted in a medical college and tertiary health care center. Introduction: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are one of the important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in India. Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP) account for nearly 18% of all maternal deaths worldwide. Delivery at early gestational age in patients of HDP is associated with high perinatal morbidity and mortality resulting from prematurity. Method: Total number of 120 cases of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy admitted in our hospital was included in the study after satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria. We studied demographic factors as well as maternal and perinatal outcome. Results: Majority of the patients i.e. 40% were in the age group of 21-30 yrs. 61% of patients were primi gravida and 25% of patients were second gravida. Maximum number of patients had gestational age ≥ 32 weeks at the time of delivery. 26.6% patients, 73.4% patient’s and 12.5% patients were diagnosed as gestational hypertension, preeclampsia and eclampsia respectively. There was high incidence of HELLP and eclampsia in 12.5% each, DIC in (5%), APH in (4.1%), renal complications in (3.3%) and CNS complication were seen in 0.8%. 67.5% patients were delivered by vaginal route, 32.50% patients required LSCS. Majority of patients i.e., 60% underwent preterm delivery, 34% delivered at term. Maternal mortality occurred in 8 patients (6.67%). HELLP and DIC were the leading causes of death. 70% patients had good perinatal outcome. There were 25.83% still births and 4.17% neonatal deaths. Conclusion: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are associated with increased maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Good antenatal care, health education, early diagnosis, early referral to higher center and multidisciplinary approach will reduce morbidity and mortality in mother and baby.