Abstract
The main aim of the paper was to assess the measures of direct material and import intensity in the agriculture of the European Union countries. The analysis took place against the backdrop of the importance of agricultural sector in the national economies of the analyzed countries and the level of their development. The research materials covered the input-output tables for respective European Union countries for 1995, 2005, 2014. The analyses demonstrated that there was an increase in material intensity in all EU-15 countries and in Latvia, Lithuania and the Czech Republic. The remaining EU-13 countries noted a relative stability of the measure or its drop (Slovakia and Bulgaria). At the same time, changes in the structure of material supply were found in the new Member States, mainly due to the increase the role of agriculture-related services and the declining role of agriculture. The groups of these countries also differ in terms of import intensity measures of indirect consumption of agriculture. The conducted analysis allowed to check if well-known tendencies in agricultural economics are still valid, as well as to indicate new processes taking place in agriculture of the most developed EU countries.
Highlights
The assessment of management effects is one of the key issues dealt with by economic sciences (Figiel, 2011)
The aim of this paper is to identify and evaluate measures of direct material intensity and import intensity in agriculture in the European Union countries based on input-output flows
Profound differences can be observed between the EU-13 countries and Western and Northern European countries belonging to the EU-15
Summary
The assessment of management effects is one of the key issues dealt with by economic sciences (Figiel, 2011). An input-output table, being a synthetic balance of generating and dividing global output, allows for capturing the links between the various sectors and branches of the national economy, but it enables comprehensive calculations of basic economic relationships characterizing the structure of analysed phenomena and interdependencies between them. Import intensity measures are a special type of material intensity ratios They enable identification of relationships between volumes of global output of a given sector of the national economy and volumes of imports of material goods intended for current consumption in the production process. The nature and strength of links between agriculture and the environment have a significant impact on its development (Tracy, 1997) In this context, the proportions between agriculture and sectors that produce inputs and provide production services for it and those that process agricultural products are important. The research is spatial-temporal and is in line with comparative economics assumptions
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