Materialization And Humanization Of The Spirit: A Contextualization Based On The Stylistic Representation Of The Balinese Hindu Modern Philosophy

W.A Sindhu Gitananda,I Nyoman Suarka,I Wayan Cika,I Wayan Suka Yasa

doi:10.25078/ijhsrs.v2i1.517

Abstract

The prominent characteristic of the pre-modern and modern philosophical discourse in the archipelago is generalized to that of the spiritualism with the saivistic discourse; including a Balinese modern philosophical text entitled Aji Sangkya. However, the title of the text shows diachronic relationship with the Samkhya Dharsana the so-called Indian (Hindu) materialism with its jargon ‘evolution’. The tension between the discourse of spiritualism and materialism in the text is the main concern of the article based on its stylistic representations. The contextual stylistics and the deconstruction approach provide great opportunities to the Aji Sangkya to be interpreted as well as contextualized. Having elaborated the data, it is found that the text implies the process of materialization of the spirit (purusha or atman) into the circle of material (pradhana), until finally becoming material itself. Nonetheless, this materialization cannot merely be understood as the process with the ultimate goal of materialism, but implicitly of humanization since the human (manusa) comes as the ultimate accumulation of all the philosophical categories. The term related to the materialization must be taken as the process of humanization or making the spirit humanized; the humanism take the middle position between the spiritualism and the materialism in Aji Sangkya, the so-called Balinese Hindu modern text of philosophy.

Highlights

The philosophical texts in the archipelago, such as Wrhaspati Tattwa, Tattwa Jnana, Dharma Patanjala, and Aji Sangkya, since the postcolonial period have attracted the attention of researchers, especially philologists and indologists
The Aji Sangkya is the text in Balinese with old spellings which was edited according to Balinese based on Indonesian formalized spelling, translated into Indonesian, and briefly analyzed –the results of this study are deemed very appropriate to be the primary data source in addition to the original text and the translation and taken as the corpus of language to understand the Balinese Hindu philosophy
The stylistic synchronic studies with the discourse perspectives have not been widely applied to the text

Summary

Introduction

The philosophical texts (tattwa) in the archipelago, such as Wrhaspati Tattwa, Tattwa Jnana, Dharma Patanjala, and Aji Sangkya, since the postcolonial period have attracted the attention of researchers, especially philologists and indologists. A similar study was conducted by Raghu Vira and Sudarshana Devi in 1957 to Wrhaspati Tattwa –the text which has a close intertextual relationship with the Aji Sangkya. Through these studies it was found that the Sanskrit vocabularies were widely used in the philosophical texts in the archipelago, but the spellings were not in accordance with the Sanskrit grammar –the use of the Sanskrit terms is the starting point for the categorization of texts mentioned above as tattwa texts, rather than tutur that contains heterogeneous compilation of writings (Acri, 2011: 10). Once the authenticity of the text can already be decided as authentic, the translation efforts by prioritizing formal or literal equivalent become the peak of the reviews

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