Abstract
Power load to plasma-facing materials (PFM) can be divided into two categories, steady and transient loads. The transient power load, such as bursts of edge localized modes (ELM), disruptions, and vertical displacement events (VDE), are often localized on narrow area and separated from the steady power load widely on divertor and first wall. In current engineering techniques, the maximum heat removal by a water-cooling system would be around 20 MW·m−2. Therefore, only limited high-temperature materials can be used as PFM or plasma facing armor tiles covering structure materials. They should have high melting point, low vapor pressure, high thermal conductivity, and heat shock resistance. Only W, Carbon-based materials, and some composite materials like SiC are PFM candidates. Still material erosion due to sputtering, sublimation, and particle release due to surface cracking caused by thermal heat shock cannot be avoided. This chapter, after introducing expected power load in a fusion reactor, describes material responses to power loads and their influence on boundary plasmas, and damaging and degradation of material properties caused by plasma power load.KeywordsPower loadELMDisruptionResponse to power loadErosionMeltingSublimationSurface damagesDegradation of material propertiesHydrogen recycling
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