Abstract

Source depth estimation is always a problem in underwater acoustic area, because depth estimation is a nonlinear problem. Traditional depth estimation methods use a vertical line array, which has disadvantage of poor mobility due to the size of sensor array. In order to estimate source depth with a horizontal line array, we propose a matched-mode depth estimation method based on autoregressive (AR) wavenumber estimation for a moving source in shallow water waveguides. First, we estimate the mode wavenumbers using the improved AR modal wavenumber spectrum. Second, according to the mode wavenumber estimation, we estimate the mode amplitudes by the wavenumber spectrum, which is obtained by generalized Hankel transform. Finally, we estimate source depth estimation by the peak of source depth function wherein the data mode best matches the replica mode that is calculated using a propagation model. Compared with synthetic aperture beamforming, the proposed method exhibits a better performance in source depth estimation under low signal-to-noise ratio or the small range span. The robustness of the proposed method is illustrated by simulating the performance in mismatched environment.

Highlights

  • Matched field processing (MFP) [1,2,3] is a popular method for localizing the source in complex propagation environments

  • In order to estimate source depth with a horizontal line array, we propose a matched-mode depth estimation method based on autoregressive (AR) wavenumber estimation for a moving source in shallow water waveguides

  • The method requires source traveling a sufficient range in radial direction owing to that the mode wavenumbers are estimated by synthetic aperture modal beamforming (SAB)

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Summary

Introduction

Matched field processing (MFP) [1,2,3] is a popular method for localizing the source in complex propagation environments. Yang [7] proposed a method based on the idea of data-based MMP to estimate moving source depth, and this method requires only a single hydrophone. The method requires source traveling a sufficient range in radial direction owing to that the mode wavenumbers are estimated by synthetic aperture modal beamforming (SAB). Yang mentioned the issue and presented the high resolution algorithms to solve this issue [12] Following his idea, we propose a source depth estimation approach with a HLA for a moving source in a range-independent environment, without knowing source absolute range information in this study.

Mode Wavenumber Estimation
Matched-Mode Source Depth Estimation
Numerical Simulation
Summary and Discussion
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