Mastitis granulomatosa crónica idiopática

Abstract

Chronic idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (CIGM) is a benign inflammatory disease with a low incidence. This entity has been associated with an abnormal immune response, oral contraceptive use and the existence of an infectious organism as a possible cause of an allergic reaction to a foreign body. CIGM mainly affects women of childbearing age, is usually unilateral and is manifested by one or more inflammatory masses. The mammographic appearance may mimic the development of intraductal carcinoma, Paget's disease or benign inflammatory processes of the breast of various etiologies. Histopathologically, CIGM is characterized by chronic, necrotizing, non-caseating lobulitis, which shows formation of granulomas. The diagnosis of CIGM should be established on the basis of this pattern, combined with exclusion of other granulomatous lesions of the breast. Although various medical and surgical therapeutic options have been proposed, the optimal treatment of CIGM has not yet been established. The most commonly used treatment is surgical resection of affected tissue with or without oral corticosteroid therapy.