Abstract
A mechanistic emission model has been developed to simulate ammonia emissions from broiler litter. In the model, the ammonia emission flux was essentially a function of the mass transfer coefficient and the equilibrium concentration of gas phase ammonia at the litter surface. This study had two main objectives: an investigation of the mass transfer coefficient of ammonia emission from broiler litter under various environmental conditions and the development of a sub-model for estimating the equilibrium concentration of gas phase ammonia at litter surface. In order to collect data under controlled conditions, a wind tunnel was designed for this study. The mass transfer coefficient Km was estimated in the range from 2.15 to 32.66 m/h. The results showed that the Km value increased with increasing air velocity in turbulent airflow and decreased with increasing air velocity in laminar airflow. The Km value decreased as the air temperature increased. A combination of high air velocity (U = 1.3 m/s) and low air temperature (T = 15 oC) generated the highest Km value. The proposed sub-model performed well in estimating the equilibrium concentration of gas phase ammonia at litter surface. And it was estimated that the Freundlich partition coefficient (Kf) had an average value of 0.98 L/mg in broiler litter.
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